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|subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Essex |government_footnotes = 〔 |government_type = Borough |governing_body = Borough Council |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Edward P. Abbot (term ends December 31, 2017)〔(2015 New Jersey Mayors Directory ), New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, as of October 20, 2015. Accessed January 12, 2015. As of date accessed, Abbot is listed with a term-end year of 2017.〕 |leader_title1 = Administrator / Clerk |leader_name1 = Francine T. Paserchia〔(Borough Administrator/Clerk ), Borough of Essex Fells. Accessed November 5, 2012.〕 |established_title = Incorporated |established_date = March 31, 1902 |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = 〔(2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.〕 |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 3.673 |area_land_km2 = 3.657 |area_water_km2 = 0.015 |area_total_sq_mi = 1.418 |area_land_sq_mi = 1.412 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.006 |area_water_percent = 0.42 |area_rank = 458th of 566 in state 20th of 22 in county〔 |population_as_of = 2010 Census |population_footnotes = 〔(DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Essex Fells borough, Essex County, New Jersey ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 10, 2012.〕〔〔(Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Essex Fells borough ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 10, 2012.〕〔("2010 Census Populations for Essex County" ), ''Asbury Park Press''. Accessed March 10, 2012.〕 |population_total = 2113 |population_rank = 484th of 566 in state 22nd of 22 in county〔(GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 5, 2012.〕 |population_density_km2 = 577.7 |population_density_sq_mi = 1496.3 |population_density_rank = 337th of 566 in state 21st of 22 in county〔 |population_est = 2095 |pop_est_as_of = 2014 |pop_est_footnotes = 〔 |timezone = Eastern (EST) |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = Eastern (EDT) |utc_offset_DST = -4 |elevation_footnotes = 〔, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 5, 2013.〕 |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = 505 |coordinates_type = region:US_type:city |coordinates_region = US-NJ |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_footnotes = 〔〔(US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990 ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕 |latd = 40.828127 |longd = -74.276197 |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 07021〔(Look Up a ZIP Code for Essex Fells, NJ ), United States Postal Service. Accessed March 10, 2012.〕〔(Zip Codes ), State of New Jersey. Accessed August 28, 2013.〕 |area_code = 973 exchanges: 226, 228, 264, 403, 618〔(Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Essex Fells, NJ ), Area-Codes.com. Accessed October 9, 2013.〕 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 3401321840〔〔(American FactFinder ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕〔(A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey ), Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed November 5, 2012.〕 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 2390558〔〔(US Board on Geographic Names ), United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕 |website = |footnotes = }} Essex Fells is a borough in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 2,113,〔〔〔 reflecting a decline of 49 (-2.3%) from the 2,162 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 23 (+1.1%) from the 2,139 counted in the 1990 Census.〔(Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010 ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed November 5, 2012.〕 Essex Fells was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 31, 1902, from portions of Caldwell Township (now Fairfield Township).〔Snyder, John P. (''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968'' ), Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 127. Accessed March 10, 2012.〕 In 1981, the borough was one of seven Essex County municipalities to pass a referendum to become a township, joining four municipalities that had already made the change, of what would ultimately be more than a dozen Essex County municipalities to reclassify themselves as townships in order take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis.〔("Chapter VI: Municipal Names and Municipal Classification" ), p. 73. New Jersey State Commission on County and Municipal Government, 1992. Accessed September 24, 2015.〕〔("Removing Tiering From The Revenue Sharing Formula Would Eliminate Payment Inequities To Local Governments" ), Government Accountability Office, April 15, 1982. Accessed September 24, 2015. "In 1978, South Orange Village was the first municipality to change its name to the 'township' of South Orange Village effective beginning in entitlement period 10 (October 1978 to September 1979). The Borough of Fairfield in 1978 changed its designation by a majority vote of the electorate and became the 'Township of Fairfield' effective beginning entitlement period 11 (October 1979 to September 1980).... However, the Revenue Sharing Act was not changed and the actions taken by South Orange and Fairfield prompted the Town of Montclair and West Orange to change their designation by referendum in the November 4, 1980, election. The municipalities of Belleville, Verona, Bloomfield, Nutley, Essex Fells, Caldwell, and West Caldwell have since changed their classification from municipality to a township."〕〔Narvaez, Alfonso A. ("New Jersey Journal" ), ''The New York Times'', December 27, 1981. Accessed September 24, 2015. "Under the Federal system, New Jersey's portion of the revenue sharing funds is disbursed among the 21 counties to create three 'money pools.' One is for county governments, one for 'places' and a third for townships. By making the change, a community can use the 'township advantage' to get away from the category containing areas with low per capita incomes."〕〔Karcher, Alan J. (''New Jersey's Multiple Municipal Madness'' ), pp. 119-120. Rutgers University Press, 1998. ISBN 9780813525662. Accessed September 24, 2015.〕 Effective January 1, 1992, it again became a borough.〔U.S. Census Bureau, (1990s boundary changes: New Jersey ), accessed June 2008〕 ''New Jersey Monthly'' magazine ranked Essex Fells as its 10th best place to live in its 2008 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey.〔("Best Places To Live - The Complete Top Towns List 1-100" ), ''New Jersey Monthly'', February 21, 2008. Accessed February 24, 2008.〕 ==History== Essex Fells was part of the Horseneck Tract, which was an area that consisted of what are now the municipalities of Caldwell, West Caldwell, North Caldwell, Fairfield, Verona, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Roseland, and portions of Livingston and West Orange. In 1702, settlers purchased the Horseneck Tract — so-called because of its irregular shape that suggested a horse's neck and head — from the Lenni Lenape Native Americans for goods equal to $325. This purchase encompassed much of western Essex County, from the ''Orange'', or ''First Mountain'' in the Watchung Mountain range to the Passaic River.〔 In the late 1800s, Philadelphia developer Anthony S. Drexel realized the impact of train travel on residential development and sent Charles W. Leavitt to the northern New Jersey area near the end of the Caldwell line. Leavitt, Drexel and Drexel's son-in-law John F. Fell formed the Suburban Land Company and purchased 1,000 acres of land from the estate of Revolutionary War General William J. Gould. In order to create their residential development the group commissioned noted architect Ernest W. Bowditch. The community's name was derived by taking "Essex" from the name of the county and adding "Fells" from the name of John F. Fell which also means hill or down.〔Poekel Jr., Charles A. (''West Essex: Essex Fells, Fairfield, North Caldwell, and Roseland'' ), p. 9., Arcadia Publishing, 1999. ISBN 9780738501413. Accessed October 10, 2013.〕〔Hutchinson, Viola L. (''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names'' ), New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 30, 2015.〕 Based on an ordinance passed in 1928, commercial activity in the borough is limited to a single three-story building constructed to look like a house and two small workshops on a dead end. , Essex Fells had 750 houses, most of which were custom built, with many occupying lots several acres in size. The borough has no apartment buildings, condos, office buildings or traffic lights. The only units available for rental are in carriage houses and other ancillary structures.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Essex Fells, New Jersey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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